Studies on diversity of Scilerotium rolfsii Sacc. and induced systemic resistance in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) against stem rot pathogen (2024)

Variabilities of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Inciting Stem Rot Disease of Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) in North Bengal Districts of West Bengal

2021

Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) is one of the important oilseed crop grown in India, China and the United States of America and is rich in energy and contains minerals, nutrients, vitamins and antioxidants that support health. Kernel is a good source of dietary protein; they contain amino acids of fine quality that are important for growth and development. Groundnut is India's major oilseed crop, accounting for 29% of the world's area and 36% of production. During the year 2016-17, India's total area under groundnut cultivation was 5.86 million hectares and total production with productivity of 1060 kg / ha was 9.25 million metric tonnes (Anon., 2017). The major Indian groundnut growing states are Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra, which together account for about 80% of the production area and 81% of the production(Deepthi and Eswara Reddy, 2013). With 0.71 million tonnes produced in an area of 0.46 million hectares with a productivity of 154...

Integrated Management of Stem Rot of Groundnut Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii. sacc

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, Volume 57 Issue 2: 235-241 (April 2023)

Background: Groundnut is the principal vegetable oil crop in India and about 85 per cent groundnut area under remains rain fed. Stem rot of groundnut is more prevalent in the area and is capable of causing considerable loss in the yield when left unmanaged. Methods: In order to find out an effective method of managing the disease, an integrated approach was adopted by combining the use of bio agents, organic amendments and fungicides alone and in combinations. Result: Seed treatment with tebuconazole @ 1 g kg-1 and with commercial formulation of Trichoderma harzianum @ 5g kg-1 seed along with soil application of neem cake @ 1.3 t ha-1 maintained its superiority over other treatments by recording the least PDI, maximum germination percentage (98.20%), root length (14.62 cm), shoot length (35.54 cm), number of pods per plant (32.57) and pod yield (3920.0 kg ha-1) which may be synergistic effect of organic amendment with bioagent. However, all the sole treatments also managed the disease to some extent but greater control was recorded in combination treatments than alone.

Cultural, Morphological and Pathogenicity Characters of Sclerotium Rolfsii Causing Stem Rot in Groundnut

2021

Date of Receiving-02-11-2020; Date of Acceptance-12-01-2021) The present studies were undertaken to investigate the cultural, morphological and pathogenicity characters of Sclerotium rolfsii. Maximum per cent disease incidence was recorded in Nadiyappattu followed by Sivapuri, Kammapuram, Killai, Kurinjipadi, Parangipettai, Chathiram and Puthuchathiram in the decreasing order of merit of Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu. The native isolates of S. rolfsii were isolated from the respective locations and designated as (SR1 to SR9). All the isolated showed variations with respect to colony character, mycelial growth, no of sclerotia, colour of sclerotia, shape and arrangement of sclerotia. Among the nine isolates of S. rolfsii collected from different groundnut growing areas of Cuddalore district, the isolate (SR5) collected from Nadiyappattu was found to be more virulent and recorded the maximum incidence followed by SR8 collected from Sivapuri. Maximum susceptibility was recorded when t...

Phenotyping Technique For Stem Rot Disease In Groundnut Under Field Conditions

Impact of integrated disease management practices on soil health and disease incidence of stem rot of groundnut incited by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc

2021

Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is a major soil borne pathogen that causes stem rot of groundnut. Per cent incidence of stem rot will be influenced by soil health that include soil pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon and which in turn influence soil microflora (fungi, actinomycetes and bacteria). Integrated Disease Management practices like combination of Indigenous Technology Knowledge inputs like Modified Panchagavya, Combination fungicide Hexaconazole 4%+Zineb 68% (Avtar), biocontrol agent Trichoderma asperellum GT4 and organic amendment (Neem cake) were combined in the form of 14 treatments including inoculated control and un-inoculated control. In the present investigation impact of these soil health aspects on disease incidence of stem rot of groundnut was studied. With the soil pH 7.4 (at 45 DAS) and 7.2 (at the time of harvest) per cent disease incidence of stem rot was least (9.08% and 14.13%) in treatment T12 that includes seed treatment with Hexaconazole 4%+Zineb 68%(Avt...

Effect of Age on Susceptibility of Groundnut Plants to Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Caused Stem Rot Disease

Journal of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, 2016

Use of Non-conventional Chemicals against Stem Rot of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences

Molecular Variability among the Isolates of Sclerotium rolfsii Causing Stem and Pod Rot of Groundnut Collected from Karnataka, India

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2018

Genetic variability among the 24 isolates of S. rolfsii was studied by using molecular markers like ITS-PCR and RAPD primers. Amplification of ITS region of rDNA with specific ITS1 and ITS4 universal primers produced approximately 650 to 700 bp in all the isolates of the fungus confirmed that all the isolates obtained are Sclerotium rolfsii and were sequenced. Identity of the isolates was confirmed with sequences of NCBI data base of S. rolfsii. Among the twenty four isolates, four random primers viz., UBC-467, UBC- 482, UBC-485 and UBC-489 generated reproducible polymorphism. Amplified products with all the primers have showed polymorphic and distinguishable banding pattern indicating the genetic diversity among all the isolates of S. rolfsii. A total of 342 reproducible and scorable polymorphic bands ranging approximately as low as 150 bp to as high as 2000 bp was generated with four primers among the twenty four isolates studied. All the twenty four isolates were grouped into three main clusters indicating there is genetic diversity in the isolates of S. rolfsii. Cluster I contained thirteen isolates, main cluster divided into two sub clusters, sub cluster I had eight isolates (Sr21, Sr20, Sr19, Sr18, Sr22, Sr24, Sr17 and Sr23) and subcluster II had five isolates (Sr5, Sr2, Sr1, Sr6 and Sr4). Main cluster II has two sub clusters, sub cluster I consisted of six isolates (Sr8, Sr3, Sr7, Sr12, Sr15 and Sr14) and in sub cluster II three isolates (Sr16, Sr10 and Sr13) were grouped. Cluster III consisted of two isolates (Sr9 and Sr11).

Molecular variability among the isolates of Sclerotium rolfsii causing stem rot of groundnut by RAPD, ITS-PCR and RFLP

EurAsian Journal of Biosciences, 2010

Effect of Plant Extracts on Sclerotium rolfsii, the Incitant of Stem rot of Groundnut

Stem rot of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is one of the most destructive diseases in groundnut growing areas of the world. Effective and efficient management of crop diseases is generally achieved by the use of synthetic pesticides. These are known to pollute the environment, soil and water besides causing deleterious effects on human health and biosphere. A search for an environmentally safe and economically viable strategy for the control of diseases has led to an increased use of plant based products in agriculture. Perusal of earlier literature indicated that numerous attempts have been made in exploiting host resistance, modified cultural practices and fungicides. Hence, in the present investigation, an attempt was made to evaluate extracts from some locally available plants against Sclerotium rolfsii. Materials and Methods Thirty plant extracts were screened against the pathogen in vitro to examine the inhibitory effect on mycelial growth a...